"To fulfill a dream to be allowed to sweat over lonely labor, to be given a chance to create, is the meat and potatoes of life. The money is the gravy." --Bette Davis
Organization of the book : SYNOPSIS vtheatre.net
2004 & After 2007 updates NotesOne Act Fest Guestbook is now permanently closed. It is unfortunate that the discourse became so vulgar and juvenile, that it has become impossible for us to maintain (delete the inappropriate posts). 2005: The purpose of my online production books was to assist myself, cast and crew during pre-production and rehearsal periods. After the show is over I use webpages for my classes: directing, acting, drama. 2006: Total Directing = stage + film
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Biomechanics is the science that studies external and internal forces acting on a biological system and the effects produced by these forces Biomechanical questions usually deal with performance and load, overload, injury or implant failure
Anatomical Biomechanics
Movements of joints and muscular contributions to movement
Neurophysiological Biomechanics
Muscular control and feedback mechanisms
Mechanical Biomechanics
Analysis of motion by assessing internal and external forces
Historical Aspects
Aristotle 384-322BC - Greek philosopher
Introduced the term ‘mechanics’
Wrote about the movement of living beings
Ambroise Paré (1510-90)
Developed prostheses for soldiers’ legs hands and arms
Alphonso Borelli (1608-79)
Considered "father of biomechanics"
Published De motu animalium
Isaac Newton 1642-1727
Newtonian mechanics is the foundation of biomechanics related to human movement
Ist law - Law of inertia ?F = 0
2nd law - Law of Action F = ma
3rd law - Law of reaction
Scalar and Vector quantities
Scalar Quantities
These have magnitude but not direction
Time (s)
Mass (kg)
Volume (L)
Vector Quantities
Magnitude and direction
Force (N)
Velocity (m/s2)
Vector attributes
Magnitude
Length of vector
Direction
Head of the vector in degrees
Point of application
Tail of the vector
Line of action
Orientation of the vector
Definitions
Statics - Action of forces on bodies at rest
Dynamics
Kinematics - describes position, displacement , velocity and acceleration
Kinetics - relates the forces acting on a body to its mass and motion
Kinesiology - Study of human movement
Statics
External forces - those acting upon the system
e.g. Gravity, ground reaction , air resistance
Internal forces - those acting within the system
e.g. joint forces, muscle forces, tendon forces
Force - F=ma
a is usually taken to be gravity approximately 10m/s2
Forces are often resolved into component vectors
Free body analysis
Component forces
Moments
Free body diagram
Dynamics (kinematics)
Translation
Any straight line keeps the same orientation for any time throughout the motion
Attributes - Position, displacement, velocity, acceleration
Rotation
Any straight line within a rigid body changes its orientation during the motion
Attributes - angular position, angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration
Kinematics
x = xo + 1/2 at2
V = Vo + at
Xo is the initial displacement, X the final displacement
Vo the initial speed, V the final speed
a is constant acceleration
t is the time interval between initial and final times
Kinetics
Mass is moved against resistance -
For translation , this resistance is proportional to the mass
For rotation, it is proportional to the moment of inertia
Ground reaction force
Force platforms are commonly used in biomechanics, measuring forces exerted on them
Force vectors are resolved in 3 planes
These components correspond to the acceleration of the centre of mass in the corresponding directions
Work and Energy
The work done by a force that acts on a body is equal to the magnitude of the force and the distance the body moves in the direction of the force
W = FD in rectilinear movement
Kgm2/s2 Joules
Energy
Energy is the capacity to perform work
Kinetic translation Ekin = 1/2mv2
Kinetic rotation Ekinr = 1/2Iw2
Potential gravity Epot = mgH
The law of conservation of energy applies - the sum of all energies is constant
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* March 2006: Go.dot -- 100 years since Sam Beckett's birth *
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An online course supplement *
2005-2006 Theatre UAF Season: Four Farces + One Funeral & Godot'06
Film-North * Anatoly Antohin * eCitations *
Acting amazon